Respect for the Integrity of the Person, Including Freedom from: a. In September 2017 Algerian National Front party leader Moussa Touati stated that his party paid bribes in order to secure its single seat in parliament. )proven reserves: 4,503,900,000,000 cubic meters (2021 est. In nonfelony cases and in cases of individuals held on charges of terrorism and other subversive activities that exceed a 12-day period plus any authorized extension, the law calls for the release of suspects on provisional liberty, referred to as judicial control, while awaiting trial. Amnesty International and other human rights organizations criticized the law prohibiting unauthorized gatherings and called for its amendment to require only notification as opposed to application for authorization. ), electrification - total population: 99.4% (2019)electrification - urban areas: 99.6% (2019)electrification - rural areas: 97% (2019), installed generating capacity: 21.694 million kW (2020 est. His sentence was subsequently reduced to three years in prison, and he was released in April. Other refugees, asylum seekers, and migrants had access to free public hospitals, but independent NGOs reported instances of migrants turned away. No new trade unions were registered between January and September, and the government said it did not receive any applications. )municipal solid waste recycled annually: 990,299 tons (2013 est. Subsequent reforms to the national electoral law introduced open list voting to curb corruption. Religious and civil society leaders reported that the Jewish community faced unofficial, religion-based obstacles to government employment and administrative difficulties when working with government bureaucracy. change, in 1984, the new subdivisions were called wilayas. departments and one territory. note: The year refers to the year in which the current credit rating was first obtained. )other alcohols: 0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est. Tbessa arrondissement restored from Batna to Bne. ), number of registered air carriers: 3 (2020)inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers: 87annual passenger traffic on registered air carriers: 6,442,442 (2018)annual freight traffic on registered air carriers: 28.28 million (2018) mt-km, total: 67over 3,047 m: 142,438 to 3,047 m: 271,524 to 2,437 m: 18914 to 1,523 m: 6under 914 m: 2 (2021), total: 822,438 to 3,047 m: 21,524 to 2,437 m: 16914 to 1,523 m: 36under 914 m: 28 (2021), 2,600 km condensate, 16,415 km gas, 3,447 km liquid petroleum gas, 7,036 km oil, 144 km refined products (2013), total: 104,000 km (2015)paved: 71,656 km (2015)unpaved: 32,344 km (2015), total: 114by type: bulk carrier 1, container ship 2, general cargo 11, oil tanker 11, other 89 (2021), major seaport(s): Algiers, Annaba, Arzew, Bejaia, Djendjene, Jijel, Mostaganem, Oran, SkikdaLNG terminal(s) (export): Arzew, Bethioua, Skikda, Algerian People's National Army (ANP): Land Forces, Naval Forces (includes Coast Guard), Air Forces, Territorial Air Defense Forces, Republican Guard (under ANP but responsible to the President), National Gendarmerie; Ministry of Interior: General Directorate of National Security (national police) (2022), 5.6% of GDP (2021 est. Many persons with disabilities faced challenges in voting due to voting centers that lacked accessible features. Do not travel to: Areas near the eastern and southern borders due to terrorism and kidnapping. He was charged with sharing intelligence with a foreign power.. The Ministry of Culture reviewed the content of films before they could be shown, as well as books before importation. 1955-08-07: Bne department formed by taking the eastern arrondissements of Constantine department: Bne Various international humanitarian organizations and observers criticized the operations, citing unacceptable conditions of transport, primarily on the Niger side of the border, and what they described as a lack of coordination among the Algerian Red Crescent, the government of Niger, and the Red Cross of Niger. See the Department of StatesAnnual Report on International Parental Child Abductionathttps://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/International-Parental-Child-Abduction/for-providers/legal-reports-and-data.html. )note: data are in 2017 dollars, 7.23% (2021 est. St. Martin's Press, New York, 1981. $487.716 billion (2021 est. Defendants may confront or question witnesses against them and present witnesses and evidence on their behalf. Thousands of Algerian peasants - mainly Berber men from the Kabylia region - faced with land dispossession and economic hardship under French rule migrated temporarily to France to work in manufacturing and mining during the first half of the 20th century. (I use "commune" to translate the French "commune," and "municipality" to Authorities also use summonses to notify and require the accused and the victim to attend a court proceeding or hearing. 1902, because of border adjustments in desert areas. Authorities utilized the ban to prohibit assembly within the city limits. There was no evidence of any pattern of discrimination toward asylum applicants, but the lack of a formal asylum system made this difficult to assess. The constitution provides citizens the ability to choose their government in free and fair periodic elections held by secret ballot and based on universal and equal suffrage. )permanent pasture: 13.8% (2018 est. Although specific data was unavailable, children reportedly worked mostly in the informal sales market, often in family businesses. The ministry stated that it worked with the Ministry of Education to integrate children with disabilities into public schools to promote inclusion. The government allowed undeclared workers to gain credit for social security and retirement benefits for time spent in the informal economy if they repay any taxes owed after registering. The law prohibits discrimination by employers against union members and organizers and provides mechanisms for resolving trade union complaints of antiunion practices by employers. Hotels in Algiers and other major cities continued their practice of refusing to sign rental contracts for meeting spaces with political parties, NGOs, and civil associations without a copy of written authorization from the Ministry of Interior for the proposed gathering. The Ministry of Labor audited 218 organizations and found that 89 companies did not respect the 1-percent quota. List of Algerian provinces by area This article has been translated from the )note: Data are in current year dollars and do not include illicit exports or re-exports. Each province was further subdivided into three territories. arrondissement of Batna department. Newspapers reported that the government restricted foreign tourists from traveling through trails in Tassili and Hoggar, as well as certain areas in and around Tamanrasset, due to security concerns. Independent Monitoring: The government allowed the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) and local human rights observers to visit prisons and detention centers. Civilian authorities generally maintained effective control over the security forces. 1974-06: Fifteen departments reorganized to form thirty-one. In January 2018 the government imposed an indefinite suspension on the importation of roughly 850 products, subject to periodic review. Last Updated: March 27, 2018 You are about to leave travel.state.gov for an external website that is not maintained by the U.S. Department of State. provinces. split from Blida; Tissemsilt formed from parts of Alger and Tiaret. )6.7% of GDP (2020 est. )note: data cover central government debt as well as debt issued by subnational entities and intra-governmental debt, -$4.608 billion (2021 est. Freedom of Association and the Right to Collective Bargaining, b. [7] "Population rsidente par age, par sexe et par wilaya", pdf file downloaded from. Press reported 107 protestors were injured along with 51 police and gendarmes. Opposition party leaders complained that the government did not provide timely authorizations to hold rallies or party congresses. Presidential elections took place in 2014, and voters re-elected President Abdelaziz Bouteflika for a fourth term. Restrictions on freedom of assembly and association as well as restrictions on political party activities inhibited the activity of opposition groups. The president has the constitutional authority to appoint and dismiss cabinet members and the prime minister, who is the head of government. Touggourt. The military territory was divided into three ), improved: urban: 99.6% of populationrural: 98.8% of populationtotal: 99.4% of populationunimproved: urban: 0.4% of populationrural: 1.2% of populationtotal: 0.6% of population (2020 est. The Ministry of Justice did not provide information on the percentage of defamation claims that originated from private citizens, as opposed to government officials. Opposition parties also disseminated information via the internet and published communiques but stated they did not have access to the national television and radio. )116.594 (2018 est. Not until Algeria's civil war in the 1990s did the country again experience substantial outmigration. The ministry has 30 days to review the importation application; in the absence of a response after 30 days, the importer may proceed with distribution of the publication. )126.777 (2020 est. It requires national-level civil organizations to apply to the Ministry of Interior for permission to operate. Other migrants, asylum seekers, and Malians and Syrians who had a special status with the government, relied largely on remittances from family, the support of local family and acquaintances, and assistance from the Algerian Red Crescent and international aid organizations. Nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) reported during the year that following suppression of public activities in years past, they no longer hold events outside of private locations. Alger: Algeri (Italian); Algiers (English); Algier (Danish, German); al-Jazair, al-Djazair, El Djazar (Arabic); Copyright 2000, 2001, 2003-2006, 2011, 2013-2015 by Gwillim Law. Most detainees had prompt access to a lawyer of their choice as accorded by law, and the government provided legal counsel to indigent detainees. The International Trade Union Confederation reported that judicial persecution of trade union leaders had intensified. (An igamie is the Postal codes: Algeria uses five-digit postal codes. Other Algerians headed to Europe seeking asylum, although France imposed restrictions. If organizations fail to provide required information to the government or attempt to operate with or accept foreign funds without authorization, they are subject to fines between DZD 2,000 and DZD 5,000 ($17 and $43) and up to six months imprisonment. Representatives of the National Autonomous Union for Public Administration Personnel (SNAPAP) stated that the union continued to function without official status. wilaya). The law prohibits employment by minors in dangerous, unhealthy, or harmful work or in work considered inappropriate because of social and religious considerations. The new Algiers has increased protectionist measures since 2015 to limit its import bill and encourage domestic production of non-oil and gas industries. Governmental Attitude Regarding International and Nongovernmental Investigation of Alleged Violations of Human Rights, Section 6. Authorities enter the medical certificate into the detainees file. )110.973 (2017 est. The law provides for sentences of one to 20 years imprisonment for domestic violence and six months to two years incarceration for men who withhold property or financial resources from their spouses. Security officials reportedly searched homes without a warrant. The borders, except near the Mediterranean coast, Impunity for police and security officials remained a problem, but the government provided information on actions taken against officials accused of wrongdoing. The law does not differentiate between girls and boys in registration of birth. Declining oil prices have also reduced the governments ability to use state-driven growth to distribute rents and fund generous public subsidies, and the government has been under pressure to reduce spending. Freedom to Participate in the Political Process, Section 4. Local authorities refused the follow on request for another event. ), fossil fuels: 98.9% of total installed capacity (2020 est. 1964: Name of Orlansville department changed to El Asnam. The provinces later became divisions. )crude oil and lease condensate imports: 4,100 bbl/day (2018 est. The law prohibits Muslim women from marrying non-Muslims, although authorities did not always enforce this provision. See the Department of StatesTrafficking in Persons Reportatwww.state.gov/j/tip/rls/tiprpt/. UNHCR offices in Algiers reported an estimated 200 to 300 asylum requests per month, mostly from Syrian, Palestinian, and sub-Saharan African individuals coming from Mali, Guinea, Central African Republic, Cote dIvoire, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). Few businesses abided by the law requiring that they reserve 1 percent of jobs for persons with disabilities. )imports: 85,000 metric tons (2020 est. Other organizations reported they never received any written response to their application request even after calling the ministry and trying to register at local police stations. Although ANEP said in September that it represented only 19 percent of the total advertising market, nongovernmental sources assessed the majority of daily newspapers depended on ANEP-authorized advertising to finance their operations. Former president Abdelaziz BOUTEFLIKA, with the backing of the military, won the presidency in 1999 in an election that was boycotted by several candidates protesting alleged fraud, and won subsequent elections in 2004, 2009, and 2014. Algrienne, Biskra *, Khenchela, Tebessa, Touggourt *, An Sefra *, Geryville *, Mecheria *, Sada, Alger, Aumale, Blida, Mda, Miliana, Orlansville, Tizi-Ouzou, Batna, Bne, Bougie, Constantine, Guelma, Philippeville, Stif, Mascara, Mostaganem, Oran, Sidi Bel Abbs, Tiaret, Tlemcen. Monitoring and enforcement practices for child labor were inconsistent and hampered by an insufficient number of inspectors to examine the formal and informal economy. Under the law, the government may conduct electronic surveillance to prevent terrorist or subversive acts and infractions against state security, pursuant to written authorization from a competent judicial authority. Algiers, the capital and most populous city is located in the far north of the country. )10.51% (2019 est. parts of the Tunisian and Moroccan borders are still in dispute. Some organizations maintained a list of LGBTI-friendly hospitals, and several NGOs operated mobile clinics specifically for vulnerable communities. Discrimination, Societal Abuses, and Trafficking in Persons, a. The law stipulates that detainees should immediately be able to contact a family member and receive a visit, or to contact an attorney. There were reports that authorities held some detainees without access to their lawyers and reportedly abused them physically and mentally. agriculture: 13.3% (2017 est. Convicted terrorists had the same rights as other inmates but were held in prisons of varying degrees of security, determined by the danger posed by the prisoners. )wind: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est. Government officials did not take measures specifically to prevent discrimination against LGBTI persons. The boundaries of subdivisions have changed, although the names may have stayed the same. In May 2017 Fekhar was sentenced to five years imprisonment but in July 2017 a court in Medea reduced that sentence to two years. In 2017 the ILO Committee of Experts on the Application of Conventions and Recommendations reiterated that the lengthy registration process seriously impedes the establishment of new unions. The list of essential services included banking, radio, and television. Labor standards do not protect economic migrants from sub-Saharan Africa and elsewhere working in the country without legal immigration status, which made them vulnerable to exploitation. Married women under 18 may not travel abroad without permission from their husbands, but married women older than 18 may do so. In 2016 the government created a High Independent Election Monitoring Body, charged with monitoring elections and investigating allegations of irregularities. Censorship or Content Restrictions: Some major news outlets faced direct and indirect retaliation for criticism of the government. )imports: 0 cubic meters (2021 est. Women suffered from discrimination in inheritance claims and were entitled to a smaller portion of an estate than male children or a deceased husbands brothers. Police may make arrests without a warrant if they witness the offense. There is no single office charged with this task, but all labor inspectors are responsible for enforcing laws regarding child labor. )2.42% (2020 est. The law permits polygamy only upon the agreement of the previous and future wife, and the determination of a judge as to the husbands financial ability to support an additional wife. A person released from custody following a dismissal or acquittal may apply to a civil commission to seek compensation from the government for particular and particularly severe harm caused by pretrial detention. ), total subscriptions: 45,555,673 (2020 est. The law provides for the right to strike, and workers exercised this right, subject to conditions. departments of France. The Labor Ministry employed one labor inspector per 12,000 workers for a total of 853 as of the end of 2017. The Algerian Red Crescent, which is subordinate to the Ministry of Solidarity, maintained welcome facilities that provided food and shelter for those Syrians without means to support themselves. )$38.551 billion (2019 est. The Ministry of Interior did not provide domestic or foreign observers with voter registration lists. They were Judges rarely refused requests to extend pretrial detention, which by law may be appealed. Webthe machine that won the war irony; Select Page. The DGAPR maintained different categories of prisons that separated prisoners according to the lengths of their sentences. The Illizi Province is in eastern Algeria and a small portion of western Libya. The 89 organizations were given formal notices to abide by the law. ), improved: urban: 98.3% of populationrural: 91.3% of populationtotal: 96.5% of populationunimproved: urban: 1.7% of populationrural: 8.7% of populationtotal: 3.5% of population (2020 est. )other: 81.8% (2018 est. A provision of the penal code allows an adult accused of corruption of a minor to avoid prosecution if the accused subsequently marries his or her victim and if the crime did not involve violence, threats, or fraud. The law also bans political party ties to nonpolitical associations and regulates party financing and reporting requirements. The law does not adequately cover migrant workers employed primarily in construction and as domestic workers. Authorities arrested Fekhar in 2015 and held him for 22 months without a trial. Algeria is divided into 48 wilayat (provinces; sing. Ouled-Djellal arrondissement from Aumale department merged with Barika arrondissement of Stif department to become Barika The government said pretrial detainees were normally held in cellblocks separate from those that housed the general prison population. Refoulement: The government provided some protection against the expulsion or return of refugees to countries where their lives or freedom would be threatened because of their race, religion, nationality, membership in a particular social group, or political opinion. A separate January 2017 decree covering religious texts other than the Quran stated, The content of religious books for import, regardless of format, must not undermine the religious unity of society, the national religious reference, public order, good morals, fundamental rights and liberties, or the law. The importer must submit the text and other information, and the ministry must respond within 30 days. The law does not place significant restrictions on voter registration, but implementation of voter registration and identification laws proved inconsistent and confusing during past elections. Appeals may be made to the ministry, with no independent or judicial review provided for in the decree. The CNDH had presented its first draft report to President Bouteflika, but the report had not been made public by years end. )crude oil and lease condensate exports: 633,500 bbl/day (2018 est. A national committee is responsible for monitoring and publishing an annual report on the rights of children. Many organizations reported that they never received a deposit slip and that even with the receipt; it was difficult to conduct necessary administrative tasks without formal accreditation. provinces were predominantly formed by taking the old departments as they were, or by splitting them into two The government has mechanisms to investigate and punish abuses, but the government did not always provide public information on disciplinary or legal action against police, military, or other security force personnel. Printed editions of the monthly news magazineJeune Afriquehave not been available in the country since April 23. A detainee has the right to appeal a courts order of pretrial detention, and if released, seek compensation from the government. civil territories grew at the expense of the military territories. )subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 11 (2020 est. According to the ministry, organizations receive a receipt after submitting their application for accreditation, and after the time periods listed above, this slip is legally sufficient for them to begin operating, to open a bank account, and to rent office or event space. Section II. Several opposition political parties claimed voter turnout figures were inflated and that the results were fraudulent. )transmission/distribution losses: 9.897 billion kWh (2019 est. Since the outbreak of violence in northern Mali in 2012, international observers reported an influx of individuals into Algeria across the Malian border inconsistent with traditional migratory movements. By law, children born to a Muslim father are Muslim, regardless of the mothers religion. Abuse of Migrants, Refugees, and Stateless Persons: In June the Associated Press (AP) reported that the government had forced an estimated 13,000 migrants over the previous 14 months to walk from Guezzam, Algeria, to Assamakka, Niger as part of the repatriation process. There were no reports that the government or its agents committed arbitrary or unlawful killings. Additionally, the law prescribes up to 20-year imprisonment for the accused, depending on the severity of injuries. )20.4% of GDP (2016 est. The southern border has been clearly defined, but the southern Hydrocarbons have long been the backbone of the economy, accounting for roughly 30% of GDP, 60% of budget revenues, and nearly 95% of export earnings. The UN LOCODE page for Algeria lists locations in the country, some of them with their latitudes and longitudes, some with their ISO 3166-2 codes for their subdivisions. Hierarchical administrative subdivision codes, Journal Officiel de la Rpublique According to the International Telecommunication Union, 45 percent of the population used the internet in 2017. )$496.547 billion (2019 est. Unions have the right to form and join federations or confederations, and the government recognized four confederations. 1848-12-09: By French presidential decree, the civil territory in each province was elevated to a department of wilaya). In 2020, Algeria held a constitutional referendum, which President TEBBOUNE enacted in January 2021. The judiciary was not always independent or impartial in civil matters and lacked independence in some human rights cases. According to human rights activists, citizens widely believed the government conducted frequent electronic surveillance of a range of citizens, including political opponents, journalists, human rights groups, and suspected terrorists. The ministry did not renew the accreditations of the NGOs SOS Disparus (SOS Disappeared), Djazairouna, the LADDH, the National Association for the Fight Against Corruption, and the Youth Action Movement, all of which submitted their renewal applications in prior years. WebTamanrasset Province's largest state in Algeria. During the year, the government deported migrants to Mali. Political Parties and Political Participation: The Ministry of Interior must approve political parties before they may operate legally. The government used specific facilities for prisoners age 27 and younger. Half of the lunch hour is considered compensated working time. Several human rights NGOs condemned his arrest as an example of harassment and threats to pressure journalists. The law states that decisions reached in mediation are binding on both parties. The law imposes an additional requirement that associations obtain government preapproval before accepting foreign funds. )solar: 0.9% of total installed capacity (2020 est. Womens groups reported that the majority of reported cases of harassment occurred in the workplace. LGBTI persons faced discrimination in accessing health services. Foreign Travel: The constitution states that the right to enter and exit the country is provided to citizens. Human rights activists said police sometimes used excessive force against suspects, including protestors. When Algeria was under French administration, the official division names were in French. The person must submit an application for compensation within six months of the dismissal or acquittal. ), total: 0.59 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est. The ministry has not confirmed receipt of fine payment. The law stipulates a prison sentence of between 10 and 20 years for rape when the victim is a minor. Algeria Telephone + (213) 770-08-2000 Emergency + (213) 770-08-2200 Fax 0770-08-2299 Email ACSAlgiers@state.gov Website U.S. Embassy Algiers Algeria Map Rape and Domestic Violence: The law criminalizes rape but does not specifically address spousal rape. )-$18.187 billion (2020 est. Algeria's economy remains dominated by the state, a legacy of the country's socialist post-independence development model. The constitution provides for freedom of speech and press, and independent media outlets regularly criticized and satirized government officials and policies, but the government on some occasions restricted these rights. The government suspended six of 100 investigated security officers for abuse. According to the NGO Reporters without Borders, private advertising existed but frequently came from businesses with close links to the ruling political party. The government affirmed there were 101 registered trade unions and employers organizations. 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