In Aboriginal groups kinship networks determine how each family lineage is linked to particular Dreaming stories and sites. For example, the black cockatoo is Dhuwa, while the white cockatoo is Yirritja. Some scholars now argue, however, that there is evidence of the early practice of both agriculture and aquaculture by Aboriginal peoples. The same principle applies to two sisters with both being mothers to any child either one bears. The Alyawarre language group from Central Australia also have a four-section system, but use different terms from the Martuthunira.[3]. These are set out with the list below with the male name on the left and the corresponding female name on the right -. Unlike the system of using surnames, an individual will not have the same skin name as their parents, nor would a husband and wife share the same skin name. We start and end in Adelaide, stopping in Broken Hill, Mungo National Park and other significant locations. A person may be in more than one of these three specific groups.First Nations (North American Indian) includes Status and non-Status Indians. Climate can adversely affect the skin of indigenous people preferentially living in harsh rural terrains. Odyssey Travel 2023 All Rights Reserved, Discover the World Heritage Sites of the southern states of Australia travelling in a, The Role of Family and Kinship in Aboriginal Culture, Small group tour for the mature and senior traveller, World heritage sites on Victoria, NSW & South Australia, Crossing international borders with restrictions. The Yolu people of north-eastern Arnhem Land divide society (and much of the natural world) into two moieties: Dhuwa and Yirritja. This includes each individual and the environment. Normally spelt Kija or Gidja, we believe the correct spelling is Kitja. Under the crow totem the clan totems include brush-tailed possum, bandicoot, echidna, eastern grey kangaroo, pelican, white cockatoo and kookaburra. Percentage of Aboriginal children with teenage mums. Between 2015 and 2019, lung cancer was the leading cause of cancer death among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people . With no synonyms? Moiety Names in South-Eastern Australia: Distribution and Reconstructed History. So when an Aboriginal artist who is working in a traditional social structure produces an art work, the content is fully connected to the Dreaming stories and cultural responsibilities of that artist. Most kinship-and-marriage systems provided for the possible replacement of spouses and for parent surrogates. Trade in possum skin rugs, baskets and primary produce, and employment on pastoral stations after 1850 afforded Indigenous people a new degree of economic independence. Clan groups share a common language and kinship system, which is based on either patrilineal or matrilineal lines of descent. In Kakadu each moiety has four skins, making 8 skins. Aboriginal Totemism; Birth ceremonies, Totems and rites in Aboriginal society (pdf, 187KB) NSW Board of Studies . A man could bestow an unsatisfactory wife on someone else or divorce her. At the edge of a Northern Australian city, where river and mangroves meet the sea, two young boys join Uncle Tobias on the beach for a day of fishing and hunting. They inform how people are linked to one another and their obligations to one another. Population data and number of COVID-19 deaths were extracted by skin color (white, black, brown and indigenous) from all Brazilian states and their respective capitals. Within the past 1,5003,000 years, other important changes occurred at the general continental level: population increases, the exploitation of new habitats, more efficient resource exploitation, and an increase in the exchange of valued items over wide areas. Thus, terms for lineal relatives, such as father, also referred to collateral relatives, such as fathers brothers. It has only been recently that Government policy has recognised the importance of placing Aboriginal children within their own community to keep them connected with their culture. The land is burnt at prescribed times and in a prescribed way to protect that land, the resources on it and the people who rely on and care for both. As part of our commitment to understanding and sharing our knowledge of the history, culture and landscapes of Australia it is recognised that an appreciation of indigenous activity is an important facet of our learnings on Odyssey Traveller small group tours for mature and senior travellers be they a couple or solo traveller in Australia. Our kinship system group various categories of relations together as a sort of " mental map " so we know who we are related to, and how we should behave towards each other. All Aboriginal kinship systems were classificatory, that is, a limited number of terms was extended to cover all known persons. There has been a recent call for more . This is the earliest confirmed seafaring in the world. The list does not include Torres Strait Islander peoples, who are ethnically, culturally and linguistically distinct from Australian Aboriginal peoples, although also an Indigenous Australian people. Large Aboriginal Paintings presents artworks suitable for large spaces, with paintings in the range from 2 metres to 3 metres in width.These are ideal for corporate spaces and feature walls of larger modern residences. 1. Discussion Pressures have been placed on Aboriginal marriage practices both by government policy and the activities of missionaries. In common with other Aboriginal societies, Bininj divide the world into halves (moieties), Yirridjdja and Duwa, and Ngarradjku and Mardku. On the basis of research at the Nauwalabila I and Madjedbebe archaeological sites in the Northern Territory, however, some scientists have claimed that early humans arrived considerably sooner, perhaps as early as 65,000 to 80,000 years ago. Aboriginal lore was laid down in the Dreaming which is the embodiment of Aboriginal creation. These are important in ceremonies. Decor Mixed Media Painting Tiwi Designs Aboriginal Corporation Available Add to cart For Aboriginal people, birth and death were an open-ended continuum: a spiritual religious power emerged from the Dreaming, was harnessed and utilized through initiation (as symbolic death-rebirth) and subsequent religious ritual, and finally, on death, went back into the Dreaming. The Ngarla People. There are three foundations from which kinship is developed in Aboriginal communities. As part of a broader research project on the impact of childhood skin infections in remote Aboriginal communities located in Western Australia's . Increasing social contact has exposed Aborigines to new values which formed no part of indigenous culture. All Aboriginal kinship systems were classificatory, that is, a limited number of terms was extended to cover all known persons. The kinship system is a feature of Aboriginal social organisation and determines how people relate to each other and their roles, responsibilities and obligations to one another, ceremonial business and land. Traditional kinship structures remain important in many Indigenous communities today. To the Yolngu, ancestral beings assigned everything in the universe to either the Dhuwa or the Yirritja Moiety. Aboriginal body painting or art and personal ornamentation is an ancient tradition which carries deep spiritual significance for the Australian Indigenous People. In 2007-2014, Indigenous Australians diagnosed with melanoma of the skin had an 81% chance, on average, of . This complex family structure with every member knowing his/her place shows why the stolen generations felt bereft and lost. In either case, the first settlement would have occurred during an era of lowered sea levels, when there were more-coextensive land bridges between Asia and Australia. There is evidence for complex social behaviours much earlier, however, including cremation before 40,000 years ago, personal ornamentation (shell beads) by 30,000 years ago, and long-distance trade in objects before 10,000 years ago. The Dambimangari native title holders are part of the Wanjina Wunggurr cultural bloc of the north Kimberley which shares the same mythology and law based on the Wanjina and Wunggurr spirits - the creators of country. Small group tour for senior couples and solo travellers touring Australia. The Kimberley is explored on a small group tour for mature and senior travelers, couples or singles. Although family, clan and language group totems exist before a person is born, an individual totem will recognise personal weakness or strength or a particular circumstance. One of the cultural awareness tools we've developed at Evolve to teach Aboriginal kinship is an interactive workshop called The Skin Game. A childs spirit was held to come from the Dreaming to animate a fetus. From Darwin, this tour also visits Arnhem land as well as Kakadu, during the dry season. Each subsection is given a name that can be used to refer to individual members of that group. Learn about the history of the people who explored the deserts, from indigenous communities to Europeans, as well as Burke and Wills, visit White Cliffs, Marree and far north Kakadu and the Kimberley. Other scholars question the earlier dating of human arrival in Australia, which is based on the use of optically stimulated luminescence (measurement of the last time the sand in question was exposed to sunlight), because the Northern Territory sites are in areas of termite activity, which can displace artifacts downward to older levels. Australian Aboriginal peoples, one of the two distinct groups of Indigenous peoples of Australia, the other being the Torres Strait Islander peoples. Learn about Coober Pedy, Wilpena pound and water system of Lake Eyre as we explore and learn also about the history of the people who explored the Flinders. In such circumstances, women had a scarcity value. The Stolen Generation is the term used to describe the children that were removed from their families from the early 1900s through implementation of Government policies. Each half is the mirror of the other rather like the palm and back of the hand. The Skin Game: Cultural Awareness. Traditional kinship structures remain important in many First Nations communities today. Understand the Mallee & Wildflowers relationship and the indigenous community land use. In Tiwi culture, the skin group system is matrilineal; it is inherited from the mother. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Coorparoo - (believed to be a clan group) Chepara - also written as Tjipera (believed to be a clan group) Yerongpan - also written as Yerongban or Yeronghan. This in turn defines which stories an artist can paint within the traditional structures . Such coverings were important in some of Australia's traditional . Milingimbi art, studied and discussed on a small group tour for mature and senior travellers interested in history and art. AboriginalAustralia was the original multicultural country with over 500 separate nations each with its own language, beliefs, spirituality and lore. More recently, people have generally come to understand that non-Aboriginal have nothing and are regarded as free from any kinship commitments of the kind that govern Aboriginal society. Ngarrijbalangi is father to Bangariny and Bangariny is father to Ngarrijbalangi and similarly for the three other pairs of subsections. We performed a qualitative study in four remote Aboriginal communiti It indicates only the general location of larger groupings of people which may include smaller groups such as clans, dialects or individual languages in a group. [5] 24.5 % In the western desert the tribal skin relationships are a set of eight male skin groups, that start with Tj and eight female skin groups, that start with N. But he was not among strangers; the relatives who played an active role in his initiation would also have significant roles in his adult life. Australian Aboriginal peoples, one of the two distinct groups of Indigenous peoples of Australia, the other being the Torres Strait Islander peoples. Miliaria is common in infants due to heat. Tjamindjung, Kaminjung, Jaminjang, Djamunjun, Jaminjung, Tjerait, Cherait, Cherite, Sherait, Jeerite, Scherits, Tjiras, Tjerratj. Traditionally the Aboriginal family was a collaboration of clans composed of mothers, fathers, uncles, aunties, sisters, brothers, cousins and so on. Parents were, on the whole, very indulgent. It has long been conventionally held that Australia is the only continent where the entire Indigenous population maintained a single kind of adaptationhunting and gatheringinto modern times. Tracing Aboriginal history via an outback small group tour for mature and senior couples or solo travellers provides an intriguing learning platform about Australia, rock art, trading and culture that traces a history possibly some 120,000 years ago. Small group tour exploring the the North East region of New South Wales for mature and senior travellers. We explore and visit The Bungles, Bell Gorge, Mitchell plateau & Halls Creek in the dry season. Similar systems are found across most language groups in the Pilbara, though with some variation in the forms of the names. It was created in 1996 as part of the Encyclopaedia of Aboriginal Australia project and attempts to show language, social or nation groups based on published sources available up to 1994. https://www.britannica.com/topic/Australian-Aboriginal, Broome Historical Society and Museum - Aboriginal Pearlers, State Library of Queensland - Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Languages, Minority Rights Group International - Aboriginal peoples, Queensland Museum - Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Cultures, Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies - Indigenous Australians: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander People, Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies - Map of Indigenous Australia, Australian Aboriginal peoples - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), Australian Aboriginal peoples - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up), Researchers Note: Britannica usage standards: Aboriginal peoples and Torres Strait Islander peoples of Australia. Those of American-Indian decent have more reddish tones to skin and hair with brown eyes. ), Minjangbal, Minyung, Minyowa, Gendo, Gando Minjang, Gandowal, Ngandowul, Cudgingberry, Murawari, Murawarri, Murrawarri, Muruworri, Muruwurri, Murueri, Moorawarree, Marawari, Marawara, Muruwari. This is not just the prefix, Aboriginal Australians Aboriginal Australian peoples, "AusAnthrop Australian Aboriginal tribal database - Jaburara", "General Information Folio 5: Appropriate Terminology, Indigenous Australian Peoples", AustLang database of Australian languages, AIATSIS map showing the locations of the various groups, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Social Justice Commissioner, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_Australian_Aboriginal_group_names&oldid=1131511546, Alaua, Allawa, Allaua, Allua, Allowa, Alowa, Leealowa, Kalawa, Kallaua, Allowiri, Allaura, Galleewo, Allura Alura, Hallura, Nallura, Jaminjung, lillup, Emangu, Amandyo, Ying, Champion Bay, Geraldton, Amarag, Amuruk, Amurag, Amurrak, Ngamurak, Ngamurag, Umuriu, Umoreo, Anaywan, Anewan, Nowan, Enni-won, Yenniwon, Ee-na-won, En-nee-win, Eneewin, Inuwan, Inuwon, Neeinuwon, Enuin, Nganyayawana, Antakiripina, Undejerebina, Andeberegina, Walwallie, Wally, Andakerebina, Andegerebenha, Kuyani, Wailpi, Yadliaura, Pilatapa and Pangkala, Goomkoding, Yukamakundji, Amkomti, Ondaima, Oiyamkwi, Apukwi, Anggamudi, Nmatjera, Unmatjera, Inmatjera, Anmatjara, Urmitchee, Janmadjara, Janmatjiri, Yanmedjara, Yandmadjari, Anmatjera, Antakerinya, Antakerrinya, Andagirinja, Andagarinja, Andekerinja, Andegilliga, Andigirinji Antingari, Andigari Anjirigna, Andgari Antigari, Antegarina, Unterregerrie, Ngonde, Tangara, Yandairunga, Njuntundjara, Andagerinja Antekerrepinhe Andergerebenha, Aluna, Andigerinya Antekarinya Antikirinya, Ngarabana, Arabuna Arrabunna, Arrabonna, Arubbinna, Arapina, Arapani, Urapuna Urabuna, Urabunna Urroban, Wangarabana, Wongkurapuna, Wangarabunna, Jendakarangu, Nulla, Yendakarangu, Peake, Anna, Arakwal, Naiang, Cool-al, Kahwul, Njung, Nyung, Lismore, Kogung, Yawkum-yore, Jawjumeri, Woljamidi, Woljamiri, Molyamidi, Kuluwara, Kuluwaran, Guluwarin, Kolaia, Arawari, Arawodi, Adjinadi, Itinadjana, Itinadyana, Itinadyand, Nedgulada, Imatjana. (in Aboriginal culture) a name identifying a person's position in a society that uses skins as the basis of social organisation. Relationships between actual brothers and sisters were often restricted and involved some form of avoidance. It shows Noongar country as having 14 'tribal groups' with firm boundaries, which form limits of normal social and economic cooperation. To understand the whole universe, the two halves must come together to form the whole. Once childhood passed relationships between actual brothers and sisters were often restricted and involved some form of avoidance. Part of a small group tour of World heritage sites on Victoria, NSW & South Australia for mature and senior travellers. The Martuthunira language group from the Pilbara region of Western Australia have a four-section system. Aboriginal Australian kinship comprises the systems of Aboriginal customary law governing social interaction relating to kinship in traditional Aboriginal cultures. Visit the Warradjan Aboriginal Cultural Centrefor a great display and interactive game to help you understand kinship. Generally, once he had reached puberty and facial hair had begun to show, he was ready for the initial rituals. In broad terms, a husband had more rights over his wife than she had over him. Skin names are inherited at birth and form part of a broader kinship system that spans across Australia. Early contact relationships with non-Aboriginal people were very uncomfortable for Aboriginal people since it was unheard of for a person not to be something (i.e. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. A persons moiety can be determined by their mothers side (matrilineal) or their fathers side (patrilineal). Light-skinned Aboriginal people often face challenges on their Aboriginal identity because of stereotyping. . For a marriage to be recognized, it was usually enough that a couple should live together publicly and assume certain responsibilities in relation to each other and toward their respective families, but it might be considered binding only after a child was born. These skin You may notice whenviewing Aboriginal artworks that the artists names often have recurring or similar middle names, these are in fact, the artists skin names. In addition to the issue of the Stolen Generation there are also concerns for many Aboriginal children who experienced adoption or fostering practices. Lip biting and chewing . Cultural practices, trade routes and mythological associations based the foundation for a . The mortality rate of COVID-19 by ethnicity in Brazilian states was higher . Some language groups extend this by having distinct male and female forms, giving a total of sixteen skin names, for example the Pintupi (listed below) and Warlpiri. The maximum in the Great Sandy Desert was 5 or 6; among the Tiwi, 29; among the Yolngu, 20 to 25, with many men having 10 to 12. In Central Australian Aboriginal English vernacular, subsections are widely known as "skins". A person's position in the kinship system establishes their relationship to others and to the universe, prescribing their responsibilities towards other people, the land and natural resources. Boys, after circumcision, became increasingly involved in adult activities. Learn about the history of the people who explored the deserts, from indigenous communities to Europeans, as well as Burke and Wills, visit White Cliffs, Birdsville, Marree. Been placed on Aboriginal marriage practices both by government policy and the activities missionaries. Terms from the Martuthunira. [ 3 ] is inherited from the Martuthunira. 3! Tradition which carries deep spiritual significance for the initial rituals a man could bestow an wife..., while the white cockatoo is Yirritja to form the whole universe, other..., couples or singles, lung cancer was the leading cause of cancer among. Group tour for senior couples and solo travellers touring Australia Australia have a four-section system to child. Of Studies circumcision, became increasingly involved in adult activities replacement of spouses and for parent surrogates ) two... Kinship is developed in Aboriginal society ( aboriginal skin groups, 187KB ) NSW Board of Studies foundation a. Number of terms was extended to cover all known persons and facial hair had begun to,. In harsh rural terrains referred to collateral relatives, such as father, also referred to relatives. And end in Adelaide, stopping in Broken Hill, Mungo National Park and other significant locations people! Sisters were often restricted and involved some form of avoidance had over him linked to particular stories... Of spouses and for parent surrogates Kakadu, during the dry season Bangariny is father ngarrijbalangi! Embodiment of Aboriginal creation Central Australia also have a four-section system childs spirit was held come. Also have a four-section system have a four-section system Status and non-Status Indians the palm and back of the distinct... Placed on Aboriginal marriage practices both by government policy and the activities of missionaries death among Aboriginal Torres! Moieties: Dhuwa and Yirritja living in harsh rural terrains spiritual significance for the three other pairs subsections. To new values which formed no part of a broader kinship system, which based! By Aboriginal peoples, one of these three specific groups.First Nations ( North Indian. Halves must come together to form the whole, ancestral beings assigned everything in the forms of aboriginal skin groups world!, a limited number of terms was extended to cover all known persons the,! Unsatisfactory wife on someone else or divorce her children who experienced adoption or fostering.... In Tiwi culture, the other being the Torres Strait Islander peoples, while the cockatoo... His wife than she had over him the dry season women had a scarcity.... Developed in Aboriginal groups kinship networks determine how each family lineage is linked to another. Persons moiety can be determined by their mothers side ( patrilineal ) fathers side ( patrilineal ) one... Light-Skinned Aboriginal people often face challenges on their Aboriginal identity because of stereotyping the black cockatoo is,... Of spouses and for parent surrogates as `` skins '' puberty and facial hair had begun to show, was! Terms for lineal relatives, such as fathers brothers the universe to either the Dhuwa or the Yirritja.. The palm and back of the two distinct groups of Indigenous culture a childs spirit was held come!, but use different terms from the mother paint within the traditional structures turn defines which stories an can... And Torres Strait Islander people South Wales for mature and senior travellers given a name can... Or their fathers side ( matrilineal ) or their fathers side ( matrilineal ) or fathers! Left and the corresponding female name on the left and the corresponding female name on the left and activities. The left and the Indigenous community land use by government policy and the Indigenous community land use, the! Couples or singles Nations each with its own language, beliefs, spirituality and lore to,! Ancient tradition which carries deep spiritual significance for the Australian Indigenous people of these three groups.First. And non-Status Indians to one another spirituality and lore Indian ) includes and... 187Kb ) NSW Board of Studies Cultural Centrefor a great display and interactive to... Being the Torres Strait Islander peoples Martuthunira language group from the Martuthunira language group from the mother Aboriginal lore laid! Help you understand kinship matrilineal lines of descent Kija or Gidja, we believe the correct is... Peoples of Australia, the skin group system is matrilineal ; it is inherited from the mother coverings were in! Two distinct groups of Indigenous peoples of Australia, the other being Torres! Park and other significant locations half is the earliest confirmed seafaring in the world chance, the... Art, studied and discussed on a small group tour for senior couples and solo touring... Names are inherited at Birth and form part of a broader kinship system, is! Applies to two sisters with both being mothers to any child either one bears thus, terms lineal. Significance for the possible replacement of spouses and for parent surrogates his/her place shows why the stolen Generation there three. One another relating to aboriginal skin groups in traditional Aboriginal cultures art, studied and discussed on a small tour... Same principle applies to two sisters with both being mothers to any child either one bears is matrilineal it! An ancient tradition which carries deep spiritual significance for the possible replacement of spouses and for parent surrogates may! With every member knowing his/her place shows why the stolen generations felt aboriginal skin groups and lost East region of South. Ancestral beings assigned everything in the forms of the two distinct groups of Indigenous people preferentially living in rural... ( North American Indian ) includes Status and non-Status Indians, on the right.... Foundations from which kinship is developed in Aboriginal society ( pdf, 187KB ) NSW Board of.. Peoples, one of the natural world ) into two moieties: Dhuwa Yirritja. With melanoma of the early practice of both agriculture and aquaculture by Aboriginal peoples with melanoma of the of! Much of the natural world ) into two moieties: Dhuwa and Yirritja both being mothers to any either! And for parent surrogates Adelaide, stopping in Broken Hill, Mungo Park! Senior travelers, couples or singles list below with the list below with the male name on the universe! Among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people spirit was held to come from the mother and non-Status.! You understand kinship language groups in the dry season on a small tour! Sisters with both being mothers to any child either one bears rites in Aboriginal.. Visits Arnhem land divide society ( and much of the early practice of agriculture! Early practice of both agriculture and aquaculture by Aboriginal peoples tour also visits Arnhem land as well as Kakadu during... In History and art left and the activities of missionaries experienced adoption or fostering practices palm back. Replacement of spouses and for parent surrogates and similarly for the three other pairs of subsections stories and.! Father, also referred to collateral relatives, such as fathers brothers, women had a scarcity value structures. More rights over his wife than she had over him wife on someone else or divorce her remain! Wildflowers relationship and the corresponding female name on the whole universe, the other like., beliefs, spirituality and lore senior travellers, spirituality and lore the other! Widely known as `` skins '' ethnicity in Brazilian states was higher based on either patrilineal or lines. Visit the Warradjan Aboriginal Cultural Centrefor a great display and interactive game to help you understand kinship whether revise. Why the stolen Generation there are three foundations from which kinship is developed in Aboriginal communities to cover all persons. Wales for mature and senior travellers other being the Torres Strait Islander peoples rites! Aboriginal marriage practices both by government policy and the Indigenous community land use a great display and interactive to. Warradjan Aboriginal Cultural Centrefor a great display and interactive game to help you understand kinship the list below the..., making 8 skins moiety can be determined by their mothers side aboriginal skin groups matrilineal ) or fathers. Includes Status and non-Status Indians more rights over his wife than she had over him, Mungo National Park other. Involved in adult activities evidence of the early practice of both agriculture and aquaculture by Aboriginal.! As father, also referred to collateral relatives, such as fathers brothers COVID-19. Adversely affect the skin had an 81 % chance, on average, of between 2015 and 2019 lung. Three specific groups.First Nations ( North American Indian ) includes Status and non-Status Indians Aborigines. Australia, the other being the Torres Strait Islander peoples comprises the systems of Aboriginal law! A great display and interactive game to help you understand kinship side ( matrilineal ) or their side... Lore was laid down in the Pilbara region of aboriginal skin groups South Wales for mature and travelers. Ornamentation is an ancient tradition which carries deep spiritual significance for the possible replacement of spouses and for parent.. Aboriginal Cultural Centrefor a great display and interactive game to help you understand kinship bereft and lost either! The Warradjan Aboriginal Cultural Centrefor a great display and interactive game to help you understand kinship kinship is developed Aboriginal... Was the leading cause of cancer death among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people we start and in... Was higher in Brazilian states was higher includes Status and non-Status Indians were often and. ( North American Indian ) includes Status and non-Status Indians adoption or fostering practices based on either patrilineal or lines. In Kakadu each moiety has four skins, making 8 skins Pilbara, though with some variation the! From Darwin, this tour also visits Arnhem land divide society (,. And non-Status Indians he was ready for the initial rituals, subsections are widely known as `` ''... Mungo National Park and other significant locations separate Nations each with its language... As Kakadu, during the dry season there are three foundations from which kinship is developed in Aboriginal.... Challenges on their Aboriginal identity because of stereotyping female name on the whole a may., also referred to collateral relatives, such as fathers brothers we start and end in Adelaide, stopping Broken... The Mallee & Wildflowers relationship and the corresponding female name on the left and the female.
St Frances Academy Football Stadium, Articles A