islamic jihad organization
20 August 2015. Car bomb attack on French Embassy in Beirut killing 12 and wounding 27. The End of Egyptian Islamic Jihad? The Jamestown Foundation, Terrorism Monitor 3(3), 9 February 2005. Upon his return from Panama, el Debeks IJO handlers asked him for photographs of the U.S. Embassy there and details about its security procedures. Updates? 
[3] In addition to assassinations, the EIJ also carried out several high profile bombings, including of the bombing of the Egyptian Embassy in Islamabad in 1995 and the attempted bombing of the U.S. Embassy in Albania in 1998.[4]. The IJO suffered a setback in 1986 when their temporary abduction of four Soviet diplomats carried out previously in September 1985 ended up in the assassination of one hostage. (17 killed, 60+ wounded)[6], 1998: The EIJ unsuccessfully attempted to bomb the U.S. Embassy in Albania. The bomb exploded near a girls school in Cairo as the Minister drove past, killing a young girl and injuring 21 others. Web. 26 Aug. 2014; Fletcher, Molly. A crackdown followed that saw most of the organizations leaders imprisoned. El Debek used his U.S. passport to enter and leave Thailand, consistent with his instructions from Hizballah to use his U.S. passport so he could travel from Malaysia to Thailand without obtaining a visa. [citation needed] However, senior Iranian officials denied the alleged connections. with Ivan Kanapathy, Bonny Lin and Stephen S. Roach 30 Sept. 2015; Egyptian Islamic Jihad. Encyclopedia of the Middle East, 2007. 
The Looming Tower. 129. April 8, 2019. There is some debate as to whether the merger was both begun and completed in 1998, or if the process was more gradual, and complete unification was not finalized until 2001. 3 Oct. 2015; Statement of Reasons: Egyptian Islamic Jihad (EIJ). Parliament of Australia, 27 March 2007. WebThe Islamic Jihad Union (IJU; Arabic language: Ittiad al-Islm al-Jihad), initially known as Islamic Jihad Group (IJG), is a militant Islamist organization that has conducted attacks in Uzbekistan and attempted attacks in Germany. These claims have yet to be substantiated.[27]. Web. Furthermore, the EIJ played an important role in Al Qaedas September 11, 2001 attacks of the World Trade Center in New York City, for which Zawahiri is thought to have led the organizational planning. [15] In the same way, Hezbollah had used the name "Islamic Resistance" (al-Muqawama al-Islamiyya) in its attacks against Israel. January 19, 2023, Backgrounder Assistant U.S. You are also agreeing to our. The End of Egyptian Islamic Jihad? The Jamestown Foundation, Terrorism Monitor 3(3), 9 February 2005. Shaqaqi remained the head of the organization until his 1995 death in Malta, allegedly at the hands of Israeli agents, according to Military.com. 
2656f(d)(2)), The organization must engage in terrorist activity, as defined in. Web. [4], Aymenn al-Zawahiri (1979-1998)- Zawahiri, an eye surgeon by trade, was an influential member of the EIJ since its founding in 1979. At this time, the Sudanese government also began to pressure bin Laden to leave the country, which he appears to have done in May 1996. 20 August 2015. [6] The EIJ officially merged into AQ in 1998 and its members became an integral part of many of AQs operations, including its 2001 attack on the World Trade Center in New York. 26 Aug. 2014; Fletcher, Molly. In the 1980s many members of EIJ left Egypt to participate in the Afghan guerrilla war against the occupation that followed the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. March 22, 2023 [1] Statement of Reasons: Egyptian Islamic Jihad (EIJ). Parliament of Australia, 27 March 2007. A curation of original analyses, data visualizations, and commentaries, examining the debates and efforts to improve health worldwide. Another portion of GI, however, appears to have remained militant and on good terms with the EIJ, and many of its members apparently fought alongside EIJ and AQ members in Afghanistan in the late 1980s. Kourani was presented on Friday, June 2, before Magistrate Judge Barbara Moses in Manhattan federal court. New York, NY: Vintage Books. Partially as a result of this rivalry and partially as a result of the EIJs declining presence within Egypt, the groups funding sources within Egypt began to dry up. [3], The EIJ and Al Qaeda became allies in the early 1980s. Similarly, to most Islamist groups in the region, the EIJ was firmly committed to the violent obliteration of the state of Israel. The PIJ remained in Gaza until 1987, when the group was exiled to Lebanon. As a result, the groups initial aim was to overthrow the Egyptian government and establish an Islamic state in its place. The charges contained in the Complaints are merely accusations, and the defendants are presumed innocent unless and until proven guilty. 5 Oct. 2015. 20 August 2015. Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305. 1182(a)(3)(B)), section 140(d)(2) of the Foreign Relations Authorization Act, Fiscal Years 1988 and 1989 (22 U.S.C. In early 2012, el Debek again traveled to Panama for Hizballah, passing through New York and New Jersey, and was asked to identify areas of weakness and construction at the Panama Canal, as well as provide information about how close someone could get to a ship passing through the Canal. New York, NY: Vintage Books. Web. The End of Egyptian Islamic Jihad? The Jamestown Foundation, Terrorism Monitor 3(3), 9 February 2005. Egyptian Islamic Jihad. Council of Foreign Relations, 30 May 2008. [1] Paz, Reuven. Fathi Shaqaqi moved from Gaza to Egypt to study medicine and became active with the Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood. [7] Among those arrested and jailed were many of the EIJs future leaders, including Aymenn al-Zawahiri, Abbud al-Zumar, and Sayyed Imam al-Sharif. Under the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004 (IRTPA), however, the redesignation requirement was replaced by certain review and revocation procedures. 
[5] Al-Qaedas Remaining Leaders. BBC News, 16 June 2015. Al-Qaeda began as a logistical network to support Muslims fighting against the Soviet Union during the Afghan War; members were recruited throughout the Islamic world. Once a target is identified, CT prepares a detailed administrative record, which is a compilation of information, typically including both classified and open sources information, demonstrating that the statutory criteria for designation have been satisfied. [5] Statement of Reasons: Egyptian Islamic Jihad (EIJ). Parliament of Australia, 27 March 2007. Learn more about how your support makes a difference or make a gift now. Shaqaqi moved across the Middle East, going where exile took him, before finally settling in Damascus under Syrian protection. 20 August 2015. WebThe Islamic Jihad Organization (IJO), which is also known as the External Security Organization and 910, is a component of Hizballah responsible for the planning and In 2010, State Department officials described Hizballah as the most technically capable terrorist group in the world, and a continued security threat to the U.S. Web. Web. The PIJ, despite being a Sunni group, took inspiration from revolutionary, theocratic Shia ideals espoused during the 1979 Iranian Revolution that established an Islamic regime. 3 Oct. 2015. The information on this website is valid as of 29 August 2015. [10], Ahmed Ibrahim al-Naggar (unknown-1998): Naggar was believed to be one of the leaders of the EIJs European cell. The Looming Tower. [25] According to Baer it is "a very distinct organization, which was separate from Hezbollah because you had the [Hezbollah] consultative council which only had a vague idea of what the hostage-takers were doing. [8] Brief Biography of Ayman al-Zawahiri. Combating Terrorism Center at West Point, Date unknown. In addition, El Debek is charged in an unrelated complaint, for allegedly possessing extensive bomb making training received from Hezbollah. Web. El Debek received by email in 2010 a list of raw materials that could be sent from Syria or Dubai, including items often used in explosives and improvised explosive devices. He was arrested by the Egyptian government for his involvement in the assassination of President Anwar Sadat in 1981 and executed on April 15, 1982. Web. Since [5] He became the leader of the group in 1991 and led it until merging the group into Al-Qaeda in 1998. Web. by Kali Robinson The operation was carried out by a small team that reached the compound in Abbottabad by helicopter. Meanwhile, some observers expressed concern that U.S. strategycentred primarily on attempts to overwhelm al-Qaeda militarilywas ineffectual, and at the end of the first decade of the 21st century, al-Qaeda was thought to have reached its greatest strength since the attacks of September 2001. 30 Sept. 2015; Wright, Lawrence. Web. 2006. pg. [3] Fletcher, Molly. [7] Statement of Reasons: Egyptian Islamic Jihad (EIJ). Parliament of Australia, 27 March 2007. Egyptian Islamic Jihad. Much smaller than Hamas, PIJ members sanctify the land because of its historical significance to Islam and are fully committed to the groups platform of destroying the state of Israel through violent means. [11] At this time the EIJ is thought to have been at least operationally led by Sharif, although it also retained nominal ties to al-Zumar, who remained imprisoned in Egypt. [6] Ayman al-Zawahiri. GlobalSecurity.org, Date unknown. Web. 1 Oct. 2015; Musallam, Adnan. The Looming Tower. This organization is no longer active. There are no recorded name changes for this group. Al-Qaeda merged with a number of other militant Islamist organizations, including Egypts Islamic Jihad and the Islamic Group, and on several occasions its leaders declared holy war against the United States. "27 Injured in 3 Terrorist Explosions in Copenhagen". [23] Salah, Muhammad. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. [2] Sageman, Marc. The Looming Tower. In this system, the letters u and a are preferred over o and e. For example, the name of the al-Qaida operative who was detained on 1 March 2003 is Khalid Shaykh Muhammad, not Khalid Sheikh Mohammed; he was an associate of Usama Bin Ladin, not Osama Bin Laden. The PIJ emerged as a separate entity committed to the militant destruction of Israel and the reestablishment of a sovereign Palestinian state. v. Islamic Republic of Iran", "Two Iranian exiles are assassinated in Paris", http://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=2245&dat=19840208&id=8pUzAAAAIBAJ&sjid=bjIHAAAAIBAJ&pg=5419,3921052, 1992 Patterns of Global Terrorism: The Year in Review, http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19851212-0, http://www.sandford.org/gandercrash/investigations/majority_report/html/_i.shtml, Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information. After lawfully entering the U.S. in 2003, Kourani obtained a Bachelor of Science in biomedical engineering in 2009, and a Masters of Business Administration in 2013. Web. Brian Winter, vice president of policy at Americas Society and Council of the Americas and editor-in-chief of, By entering your email and clicking subscribe, you're agreeing to receive announcements from CFR about our products and services, as well as invitations to CFR events. al-Qaeda, Arabic al-Qidah (the Base), broad-based militant Islamist organization founded by Osama bin Laden in the late 1980s. Egyptian Islamic Jihad. Web. [7] Following bin Ladens death in 2011, Zawahiri succeeded him as the head of Al-Qaeda. Advisory Commission on Public Diplomacy, Terrorist Designations and State Sponsors of Terrorism, section 212 (a)(3)(B) of the INA (8 U.S.C. [3] Al-Jihad al-Islami. Monterey Institute of International Studies, February 2008. The Islamic year contains 12 months, none of which can exceed 30 days. October 6, 1981: An EIJ member, Khaled al-Islambouli, opened fire on Sadats box while he reviewed a military parade in Cairo, killing the president and 11 others. 
For instance, Mehdi Karroubi claimed that Iran had not been related to the group. 
However, senior Iranian officials denied the alleged connections. 20 August 2015. Among his destinations were Iran, Lebanon, and California. [19], Growing tensions between the EIJ and the Sudanese government and international pressure led to the groups expulsion from Sudan in 1996. [6] Gebara, Khalil. Under Sharifs leadership, the group grew more extreme, and began emphasizing the concept of takfir, the belief that all those who are not Sunni Muslims are infidels. The Looming Tower. A known IMU spokesperson in a video message delivered to Radio Libertys Tajik service claimed responsibility for a September 2010 ambush against a military convoy in Tajikistan. Attorneys Andrew D. Beaty and Stephen J. Ritchin for the Southern District of New York are in charge of the prosecution of el Debek. IJU was formed when it broke away from the Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan (IMU) Egyptian Islamic Jihad. Council of Foreign Relations, 30 May 2008. Over the past several years, Hezbollah IJO activities have been on the rise. Later, this title was occasionally used to refer to the EIJ as a whole. New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan, 2011. The United States designated Islamic Jihad a terrorist organization in 1997. WebEgyptian Islamic Jihad (EIJ), also called al-Jihad, Egyptian extremist organization that originated in the late 1970s and developed into a powerful force in the 1980s and 1990s. March 31, 2023 [6] Farraj was among those arrested and was eventually executed. Egyptian Islamic Jihad. Council of Foreign Relations, 30 May 2008. It is unlawful for a person in the United States or subject to the jurisdiction of the United States to knowingly provide material support or resources to a designated FTO. C.V. Starr & Co. "[14], A 2003 decision by an American court named Islamic Jihad as the name used by Hezbollah for its attacks in Lebanon, and parts of the Middle East, and Europe. This is a historic step to counter Iran-backed terrorism around the world. 26 Aug. 2014; Gebara, Khalil. This website contains only information in the public domain that has been verified and disseminated by US Government sources. Egyptian Islamic Jihad. Council of Foreign Relations, 30 May 2008. [25] Gebara, Khalil. Stigmatizes and isolates designated terrorist organizations internationally. During that period, fractures within EIJ worsened, and the groups Upper Egyptian wing broke away to form an independent organization, al-Jamah al-Islmiyyah (the Islamic Group), under the leadership of Omar Abdel Rahman. Shortly before traveling to Panama, el Debek updated his status on Facebook with a post that read, in part, Do not make peace or share food with those who killed your people.. Kourani, who was born in Lebanon, attended Hizballah-sponsored weapons training in Lebanon in 2000 when he was approximately 16 years old. WebJihad (/ d h d /; Arabic: , romanized: jihd [dihad]) is an Arabic word which literally means "striving" or "struggling", especially with a praiseworthy aim. The Islamic Jihad Organization IJO (Arabic language: , Harakat al-Jihad al-Islami) or Organisation du Jihad Islamique (OJI) in French, but best known as Islamic Jihad (Arabic: Jihad al-Islami) for short, was a fundamentalist Shia group known for its activities in the 1980s during the Lebanese Civil War. [2] Orr, Tamra. [26] Most recently, the EIJs name has been evoked in relation to a new political party that emerged in Egypt following the 2011, which is allegedly comprised of former EIJ members. 20 August 2015; Al-Jihad al-Islami. Monterey Institute of International Studies, February 2008. El Debek has told the FBI that he was detained by Hizballah from December 2015 to April 2016 and falsely accused of spying for the U.S. El Debek received training in basic military tactics, the handling of various weapons, surveillance and counter-surveillance techniques, and the creation and handling of explosives and explosive devices. Egyptian Islamic Jihad. Council of Foreign Relations, 30 May 2008. IMU has made public claims in support of ISIL, potentially fracturing their longstanding ties with the Afghan Taliban. Islamic Jihad released a photograph that claimed to show the (dead) body of French citizen, This page was last edited on 3 March 2023, at 11:00. Web. The Looming Tower. [17] Throughout the first half of the 1990s, the EIJ was also often at odds with al-Gamaa al-Islamiyya (GI/GAI) in Egypt, although there is no evidence the groups ever actively fought one another. Egyptian Islamic Jihad. Council of Foreign Relations, 30 May 2008. When the Soviets withdrew from Afghanistan in 1989, the organization dispersed but continued to oppose what its leaders considered corrupt Islamic regimes and foreign (i.e., U.S.) presence in Islamic lands. 8 Oct. 2015. The Palestinian Islamic Jihad is an Iranian-inspired Islamic militant group that aims to derail the Israeli-Palestinian peace process and eliminate Israel from the region. Terrorist Financing and Resourcing. [2] Although the group had embraced violence as a means of achieving its goals from its inception, the group did not begin to embrace a Takfiri--the belief that all non-Sunnis are infidels--ideology until the late 1980s. The End of Egyptian Islamic Jihad? The Jamestown Foundation, Terrorism Monitor 3(3), 9 February 2005. New York, NY: Vintage Books. The project develops a series of interactive diagrams that map relationships among groups and show how those relationships change over time. The Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan (IMU) is an extremist organization that formed in the late 1990s and is currently based in Pakistans Federally Administered Tribal Areas. Web. Car bomb attack on French Embassy in Beirut killing 12 and wounding 27. by Lindsay Maizland He was captured by the Albanian security services in 1998 and extradited to Egypt, where he was jailed. March 30, 2023, Blog Post WebThe conflict may have dealt a severe blow to Palestinian Islamic Jihad, the Gaza militant group, and strengthened the hand of Israels interim prime minister, Yair Lapid. [8] Al-Qaedas Remaining Leaders. BBC News, 16 June 2015. [14], In 1991, Zawahiri assumed official control of the EIJ; it remains unclear what precipitated this leadership change or what became of Sharif. 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