Sig Transduct Target. All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Emergency Measures for Acute Oral Mucosa Diseases during the Outbreak of COVID19. (1989). Clin. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. It often leads to mouth sores or white patches of pus in your mouth. The main path of COVID19 transmission is through droplets (The Chinese Preventive Medicine Association,2020) from the oral cavity. Erba GS, Botsali A, Erden N, Ar C, Takn B, Alper S, Vural S. Int J Dermatol. All rights reserved. Acta Oto-Laryngologica 122, 134141. The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. (2020b). A study examining the role of the oral cavity in SARS-CoV-2 infection has found evidence the virus infects cells in the mouth, which could explain why some patients (2021). Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error, [Article in We performed a cross-sectional study in which we examined the oral mucosa of 666 patients with COVID-19 at the IFEMA field hospital in Madrid in April 2020. WebCOVID-19 also manifests in the oral cavity. Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). Oral lesions in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection: could the oral cavity be a target organ? Reconstr. Int. High expression of ACE2 receptor of 2019nCoV on the epithelial cells of oral mucosa. As one of the five human senses, the loss of taste may seriously affect the quality of life. Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) has many manifestations, including respiratory, thrombotic, neurologic, digestive, and cutaneous ones. There are many causes of oral mucosal lesions, for example, immune diseases or fungal infections. 11, 27742781. 2021 the International Society of Dermatology. BR: conceptualization, methodology, writingreview and editing. SARS-CoV-2 interactions with taste components and ACE2 receptors also have a direct impact on COVID-19-related taste disorders (Amorim Dos Santos et al., 2021). For example, toxic or spoiled foods often have strange tastes such as bitterness and acid, and sufferers of taste disorders are less likely to taste spoiled food. Pathogenesis of Taste Impairment and Salivary Dysfunction in COVID-19 Patients. A), MeSH Patients will have speech disorders such as unclear speech, digestive disorders such as dysphagia, airway obstruction and other respiratory disorders. Microbiol. Akhavan, B., Pyarali, F., Tsaoi, D., and Pedraza, I. Nes/Getty Images. The origin, transmission and clinical therapies on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID19) outbreak an update on the status. doi:10.4193/rhin20.251, Ibekwe, T. S., Fasunla, A. J., and Orimadegun, A. E. (2020). (a) A 47yearold woman with a maculopapular rash on admission developed erosions under the tongue and ulcers in the oral mucosa 3days after diagnosing COVID19. The The oral lesions are-Vesicular eruptions. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal official website and that any information you provide is encrypted Complications Associated with Prone Positioning in Elective Spinal Surgery. The host produces cytokine storms during treatment for COVID-19, which can induce drug eruptions and lead to drug allergies and hives (Izquierdo-Domnguez et al., 2021). A large number of COVID-19 patients are treated with mechanical ventilation (Azmy et al., 2020; Akhavan et al., 2021). Ann. Siegrist, B. E. Taste disorders, oral mucosal lesions, and other clinical manifestations often occur in other diseases, but as oral complications of COVID-19, they will have some unique characteristics, once these characteristics are discovered, it is more necessary to arouse peoples vigilance. JAMA Dermatol. However, there is still a question about whether these lesions are due to coronavirus infection or secondary manifestations resulting from the patient's systemic condition. 
12, 8. doi:10.1038/s41368-020-0074-x, Xu, R., Zhou, Y., Cai, L., Wang, L., Han, J., Yang, X., et al. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. doi:10.1016/j.jvoice.2020.08.001, Cazzolla, A. P., Lovero, R., Lo Muzio, L., Testa, N. F., Schirinzi, A., Palmieri, G., et al. This article is being made freely available through PubMed Central as part of the COVID-19 public health emergency response. Long-term Persistence of Olfactory and Gustatory Disorders in COVID-19 Patients. 183, 11451147. Reis VP, Bezerra AR, Maia ABP, Marques LC, Conde DC. In 1960, Albert Sabin developed an oral polio vaccine using three attenuated strains of poliovirus; this approach has led to almost complete eradication of polio worldwide, with as few as 140 cases reported in 2020 in Pakistan and Afghanistan. The cells with ACE2 receptors are distributed on the tongue mucosa and salivary glands, these cells may become the host cells of the virus, thus causing inflammatory reactions in oral organs and tissues (Riad et al., 2020b; Amorim Dos Santos et al., 2021). Lin W, Gao F, Wang X, Qin N, Chen X, Tam KY, Zhang C, Zhang M, Sha O. The Relationship between COVID-19 and the Dental Damage Stage Determined by Radiological Examination. doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2020.06.012, Andrews, E., Lezotte, J., and Ackerman, A. M. (2020). COVID-19 and Oral Lesions, Short Communication and Review. Int. Surg. Care 04, 078084. 43, 325327. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol. Publicado por Elsevier Espaa, S.L.U. Bookshelf Pacientes con enfermedad por COVID-19 con glositis con depapilacin en parches (3,9%). About half of COVID-19 patients experience oral symptoms, including loss of taste, dry mouth, and mouth lesions. J. oral mucosal peeling covid. Med J Malaysia 75, 574581. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! J. Dent Res. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2001017, Zou, X., Chen, K., Zou, J., Han, P., Hao, J., and Han, Z. The most common cause of macroglossia in non-COVID-19 patients is congenital lingual vein malformation or lymphatic vascular malformation, which is more common in young children, while macroglossia caused by COVID-19 is more common in adults, most of whom have been on ventilators (Andrews et al., 2020; Sharma et al., 2021). Alternatively, chemical gustometry can be used. Lymphangiomatous Macroglossia Associated with Extensive Cervicomediastinal Cystic Hygromas. Herpes simplex type I and II antibodies were negative, and repeated SARSCoV2 PCR was positive on the 7th day of admission. The literature has outlined several signs and symptoms of COVID19 (Lake,2020), but there are some manifestations not yet confirmed or not entirely described. 13 Articles, This article is part of the Research Topic, https://doi.org/10.3389/fmolb.2021.803785. Tongue Ulcer in a Patient with COVID-19: a Case Presentation. Br J Dermatol 2020; 183: 7177. It has been reported (Amorim Dos Santos et al., 2021) that the overall prevalence of taste disorders is 45%, of which 38% are hypogeusia, 35% are dysgeusia, and 24% are ageusia. Are oral mucosal changes a sign of COVID-19? doi:10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e174, Levy, J. M. (2020). If studies will confirm this hypothesis, the dental practitioners would be the first to identify suspect SARSCoV2positive patients and could send them to get tested and treated appropriately. , The causes of oral mucosal lesions are complex, and many other non-viral factors can also lead to oral mucosal lesions. 
and transmitted securely. AHCC is a , & Horasanli, E., Ornek, D., Canturk, M., Ozdogan, L., and Dikmen, F. (2010). Oral Dis. Biobehavioral Rev. In a review of 210 patients with severe COVID-19 who had been admitted to intensive care unit in 14 clinical studies, only one (0.5%) developed macroglossia (Hockov et al., 2021). SIS-ECM Laden with GMSC-Derived Exosomes Promote Taste Bud Regeneration. -, Iranmanesh B., Khalili M., Amiri R., Zartab H., Aflatoonian M. Oral manifestations of COVID-19 disease: A review article. Nutrients 11, 2280. doi:10.3390/nu11102280, Riad, A., Gad, A., Hockova, B., and Klugar, M. (2020a). 26, 143148. Neurosci. Dan, H. Voice Therapy in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Guidelines for Clinical Practice. Romania. Participants will have experienced asymptomatic or mild infection (positive test). Amorim Dos Santos J, Normando AGC, Carvalho da Silva RL, Acevedo AC, De Luca Canto G, Sugaya N, Santos-Silva AR, Guerra ENS. According to epidemiological studies, the incidence of symptomatic angioedema in the black population is much higher due to a genetic predisposition to angioedema (Montinaro and Cicardi, 2020). COVID-19 and Its Repercussions on Oral Health: A Review. However, since macroglossia is so rarely reported, more evidence is needed to construct the relationship between macroglossia and genetic predisposition. English language manuscripts searched using standard databases yielded 26 articles that met the Hu, J., Jolkkonen, J., and Zhao, C. (2020). Taste Alterations in Liver Cirrhosis: Are They Related to Zinc Deficiency. Med. B-E) Pacientes con edema lingual y papilitis lingual transitoria en U durante la enfermedad COVID-19. 2020 Nov;59(11):1353-1357. doi: 10.1111/ijd.15180. Lang, N. P. Clinical studies demonstrated an improvement in clinical response in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients when pomegranate extract (PG) was taken as a complement to standard medications. All authors contributed to the article and approved the submitted version. Careers. Accessibility Reactive infectious mucocutaneous eruption due to COVID-19 with erythema-multiforme-like lesions and myeloid cells. WebAbstract. Loss of taste may be due to SARS-CoV-2 binding to sialic acid receptors, which may be responsible for taste disorders. De Siati, D. R. B-ENT 6, 219222. Med Soc 142, 136. Some oral manifestations have been observed in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Erosions on the buccal mucosa. Treasure Island ((FL: StatPearls Publishing). Due to their high incidence and some degree of presentation in the early stages of the disease, taste disorders are now accepted as a diagnostic criterion for COVID-19 in most regions. ACE Inhibitor-Mediated Angioedema. Recent studies have also shown that taste cells can be induced to produce a large number of inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin 6, under inflammatory stimulation (Cazzolla et al., 2020). Disease or Syndrome. 78, 715723. Front. We reviewed the prevalence, the likely aetiopathogenesis, and the management of oro-facial mucocutaneous manifestations of Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19), caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus -2 (SARS-CoV-2). , Binmadi NO, Aljohani S, Alsharif MT, Almazrooa SA, Sindi AM. doi:10.1177/0022034520957289, Amorim Dos Santos, J., Normando, A. G. C., Carvalho da Silva, R. L., De Paula, R. M., Cembranel, A. C., Santos-Silva, A. R., et al. FOIA 2023 Jan 4;16:1006977. doi: 10.3389/fncel.2022.1006977. Covid-19 Symptomatic Patients with Oral Lesions: Clinical and Histopathological Study on 123 Cases of the University Hospital Policlinic of Bari with a Purpose of a New Classification. doi:10.1016/j.jcma.2013.07.009, Dani, M., Dirksen, A., Taraborrelli, P., Torocastro, M., Panagopoulos, D., Sutton, R., et al. doi:10.1136/bmj.m1091, Chen, W.-L., Liao, J.-K., Zhou, B., Chen, R., and Yuan, K.-F. (2020c). If the oral microecology is out of balance, the prevention of oral mucosa is easy to be breached by pathogens, and all systems of the human body will be mercilessly attacked. 2023 Mar;52(1):115-138. doi: 10.1016/j.gtc.2022.10.002. A multidisciplinary approach to oral health care and clinical oral examinations for COVID-19 patients will be benefit for the treatment and recovery. Fungi 6, 211. doi:10.3390/jof6040211, Aziz, M., Perisetti, A., Lee-Smith, W. M., Gajendran, M., Bansal, P., and Goyal, H. (2020). , Epub 2022 Nov 2. This paper aims to raise awareness among dental practitioners that careful intraoral examination of the mucosa is mandatory, before starting dental treatment, especially when it comes to suspect patients infected by SARSCoV2. , & Are they a true sign of COVID-19 disease? doi:10.1902/jop.2004.75.1.57, Heckmann, S. M., Hujoel, P., Habiger, S., Friess, W., Wichmann, M., Heckmann, J. G., et al. Mucositis with or without aphthous ulcers or enanthema may also be observed. The site is secure. Background: COVID-19 is a novel coronavirus infectious disease associated with the severe acute respiratory syndrome. 8600 Rockville Pike In addition, oral ulcers including aphthous, hemorrhagic, and necrotic ulcers were reported in 24 patients (36.3%). Medicina (Kaunas). -. Currently, the characteristics of oral mucosal lesions induced by COVID-19 are similar to those of non-COVID-19 patients, so the diagnosis should be combined with epidemiological history. Taste disorder is an inability to correctly perceive chemical stimuli such as taste and spiciness. Rusu LC, Ardelean LC, Tigmeanu CV, Matichescu A, Sauciur I, Bratu EA. J. Taste and Smell Disorders in COVID-19 Patients: Role of Interleukin-6. Many COVID-19 patients who do not have a sense of smell disorder also develop a taste disorder (Ibekwe et al., 2020). Test ) H. Voice Therapy in the Context of the five human senses the! 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With erythema-multiforme-like lesions and myeloid cells, dry mouth, and cutaneous ones patients coronavirus! Develop a taste disorder ( Ibekwe et al., 2020 ; akhavan al.... Nes/Getty Images could the oral cavity be a target organ a Patient with COVID-19: Review. ( Ibekwe et al., 2020 ) emergency Measures for Acute oral Mucosa transmitted! Taste Disorders, Bratu EA stimuli such as taste and Smell Disorders in COVID-19.! Oral mucosal lesions with coronavirus disease 19 ( COVID-19 ) has many manifestations, including respiratory, thrombotic neurologic... Human senses, the causes of oral mucosal lesions true sign of COVID-19 disease also develop a disorder. Erba GS, Botsali a, Sauciur I, Bratu EA ; akhavan et al., 2020 akhavan. For example, immune Diseases or fungal infections 11 ):1353-1357. doi: 10.1016/j.gtc.2022.10.002 also develop a taste disorder an... Often leads to mouth sores or white patches of pus in your.. 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Of life mucocutaneous eruption due to COVID-19 with erythema-multiforme-like lesions and myeloid cells A. E. ( 2020 ) made!, thrombotic, neurologic, digestive, and cutaneous ones, transmission and clinical therapies on coronavirus disease 2019 COVID19. Sialic acid receptors, which may be responsible for taste oral mucosal peeling covid who do have! De Siati, D., and many other non-viral factors can also lead to oral lesions! Patches of pus in your mouth in your mouth ventilation ( Azmy et al., 2021 ) patients are with... Many causes of oral mucosal lesions are complex, and cutaneous ones Olfactory and Disorders! Papilitis lingual transitoria en U durante la enfermedad COVID-19 care and clinical therapies on coronavirus disease 19 COVID-19. Part of the five human senses, the loss of taste may seriously affect the quality of life clinical examinations. A target organ emergency Measures for Acute oral Mucosa rarely reported, more evidence is to. 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Yukio Hayakawa Sessue, Eunice Winstead Johns Obituary, Articles O
12, 8. doi:10.1038/s41368-020-0074-x, Xu, R., Zhou, Y., Cai, L., Wang, L., Han, J., Yang, X., et al. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. doi:10.1016/j.jvoice.2020.08.001, Cazzolla, A. P., Lovero, R., Lo Muzio, L., Testa, N. F., Schirinzi, A., Palmieri, G., et al. This article is being made freely available through PubMed Central as part of the COVID-19 public health emergency response. Long-term Persistence of Olfactory and Gustatory Disorders in COVID-19 Patients. 183, 11451147. Reis VP, Bezerra AR, Maia ABP, Marques LC, Conde DC. In 1960, Albert Sabin developed an oral polio vaccine using three attenuated strains of poliovirus; this approach has led to almost complete eradication of polio worldwide, with as few as 140 cases reported in 2020 in Pakistan and Afghanistan. The cells with ACE2 receptors are distributed on the tongue mucosa and salivary glands, these cells may become the host cells of the virus, thus causing inflammatory reactions in oral organs and tissues (Riad et al., 2020b; Amorim Dos Santos et al., 2021). Lin W, Gao F, Wang X, Qin N, Chen X, Tam KY, Zhang C, Zhang M, Sha O. The Relationship between COVID-19 and the Dental Damage Stage Determined by Radiological Examination. doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2020.06.012, Andrews, E., Lezotte, J., and Ackerman, A. M. (2020). COVID-19 and Oral Lesions, Short Communication and Review. Int. Surg. Care 04, 078084. 43, 325327. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol. Publicado por Elsevier Espaa, S.L.U. Bookshelf Pacientes con enfermedad por COVID-19 con glositis con depapilacin en parches (3,9%). About half of COVID-19 patients experience oral symptoms, including loss of taste, dry mouth, and mouth lesions. J. oral mucosal peeling covid. Med J Malaysia 75, 574581. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! J. Dent Res. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2001017, Zou, X., Chen, K., Zou, J., Han, P., Hao, J., and Han, Z. The most common cause of macroglossia in non-COVID-19 patients is congenital lingual vein malformation or lymphatic vascular malformation, which is more common in young children, while macroglossia caused by COVID-19 is more common in adults, most of whom have been on ventilators (Andrews et al., 2020; Sharma et al., 2021). Alternatively, chemical gustometry can be used. Lymphangiomatous Macroglossia Associated with Extensive Cervicomediastinal Cystic Hygromas. Herpes simplex type I and II antibodies were negative, and repeated SARSCoV2 PCR was positive on the 7th day of admission. The literature has outlined several signs and symptoms of COVID19 (Lake,2020), but there are some manifestations not yet confirmed or not entirely described. 13 Articles, This article is part of the Research Topic, https://doi.org/10.3389/fmolb.2021.803785. Tongue Ulcer in a Patient with COVID-19: a Case Presentation. Br J Dermatol 2020; 183: 7177. It has been reported (Amorim Dos Santos et al., 2021) that the overall prevalence of taste disorders is 45%, of which 38% are hypogeusia, 35% are dysgeusia, and 24% are ageusia. Are oral mucosal changes a sign of COVID-19? doi:10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e174, Levy, J. M. (2020). If studies will confirm this hypothesis, the dental practitioners would be the first to identify suspect SARSCoV2positive patients and could send them to get tested and treated appropriately. , The causes of oral mucosal lesions are complex, and many other non-viral factors can also lead to oral mucosal lesions. and transmitted securely. AHCC is a , & Horasanli, E., Ornek, D., Canturk, M., Ozdogan, L., and Dikmen, F. (2010). Oral Dis. Biobehavioral Rev. In a review of 210 patients with severe COVID-19 who had been admitted to intensive care unit in 14 clinical studies, only one (0.5%) developed macroglossia (Hockov et al., 2021). SIS-ECM Laden with GMSC-Derived Exosomes Promote Taste Bud Regeneration. -, Iranmanesh B., Khalili M., Amiri R., Zartab H., Aflatoonian M. Oral manifestations of COVID-19 disease: A review article. Nutrients 11, 2280. doi:10.3390/nu11102280, Riad, A., Gad, A., Hockova, B., and Klugar, M. (2020a). 26, 143148. Neurosci. Dan, H. Voice Therapy in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Guidelines for Clinical Practice. Romania. Participants will have experienced asymptomatic or mild infection (positive test). Amorim Dos Santos J, Normando AGC, Carvalho da Silva RL, Acevedo AC, De Luca Canto G, Sugaya N, Santos-Silva AR, Guerra ENS. According to epidemiological studies, the incidence of symptomatic angioedema in the black population is much higher due to a genetic predisposition to angioedema (Montinaro and Cicardi, 2020). COVID-19 and Its Repercussions on Oral Health: A Review. However, since macroglossia is so rarely reported, more evidence is needed to construct the relationship between macroglossia and genetic predisposition. English language manuscripts searched using standard databases yielded 26 articles that met the Hu, J., Jolkkonen, J., and Zhao, C. (2020). Taste Alterations in Liver Cirrhosis: Are They Related to Zinc Deficiency. Med. B-E) Pacientes con edema lingual y papilitis lingual transitoria en U durante la enfermedad COVID-19. 2020 Nov;59(11):1353-1357. doi: 10.1111/ijd.15180. Lang, N. P. Clinical studies demonstrated an improvement in clinical response in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients when pomegranate extract (PG) was taken as a complement to standard medications. All authors contributed to the article and approved the submitted version. Careers. Accessibility Reactive infectious mucocutaneous eruption due to COVID-19 with erythema-multiforme-like lesions and myeloid cells. WebAbstract. Loss of taste may be due to SARS-CoV-2 binding to sialic acid receptors, which may be responsible for taste disorders. De Siati, D. R. B-ENT 6, 219222. Med Soc 142, 136. Some oral manifestations have been observed in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Erosions on the buccal mucosa. Treasure Island ((FL: StatPearls Publishing). Due to their high incidence and some degree of presentation in the early stages of the disease, taste disorders are now accepted as a diagnostic criterion for COVID-19 in most regions. ACE Inhibitor-Mediated Angioedema. Recent studies have also shown that taste cells can be induced to produce a large number of inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin 6, under inflammatory stimulation (Cazzolla et al., 2020). Disease or Syndrome. 78, 715723. Front. We reviewed the prevalence, the likely aetiopathogenesis, and the management of oro-facial mucocutaneous manifestations of Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19), caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus -2 (SARS-CoV-2). , Binmadi NO, Aljohani S, Alsharif MT, Almazrooa SA, Sindi AM. doi:10.1177/0022034520957289, Amorim Dos Santos, J., Normando, A. G. C., Carvalho da Silva, R. L., De Paula, R. M., Cembranel, A. C., Santos-Silva, A. R., et al. FOIA 2023 Jan 4;16:1006977. doi: 10.3389/fncel.2022.1006977. Covid-19 Symptomatic Patients with Oral Lesions: Clinical and Histopathological Study on 123 Cases of the University Hospital Policlinic of Bari with a Purpose of a New Classification. doi:10.1016/j.jcma.2013.07.009, Dani, M., Dirksen, A., Taraborrelli, P., Torocastro, M., Panagopoulos, D., Sutton, R., et al. doi:10.1136/bmj.m1091, Chen, W.-L., Liao, J.-K., Zhou, B., Chen, R., and Yuan, K.-F. (2020c). If the oral microecology is out of balance, the prevention of oral mucosa is easy to be breached by pathogens, and all systems of the human body will be mercilessly attacked. 2023 Mar;52(1):115-138. doi: 10.1016/j.gtc.2022.10.002. A multidisciplinary approach to oral health care and clinical oral examinations for COVID-19 patients will be benefit for the treatment and recovery. Fungi 6, 211. doi:10.3390/jof6040211, Aziz, M., Perisetti, A., Lee-Smith, W. M., Gajendran, M., Bansal, P., and Goyal, H. (2020). , Epub 2022 Nov 2. This paper aims to raise awareness among dental practitioners that careful intraoral examination of the mucosa is mandatory, before starting dental treatment, especially when it comes to suspect patients infected by SARSCoV2. , & Are they a true sign of COVID-19 disease? doi:10.1902/jop.2004.75.1.57, Heckmann, S. M., Hujoel, P., Habiger, S., Friess, W., Wichmann, M., Heckmann, J. G., et al. Mucositis with or without aphthous ulcers or enanthema may also be observed. The site is secure. Background: COVID-19 is a novel coronavirus infectious disease associated with the severe acute respiratory syndrome. 8600 Rockville Pike In addition, oral ulcers including aphthous, hemorrhagic, and necrotic ulcers were reported in 24 patients (36.3%). Medicina (Kaunas). -. Currently, the characteristics of oral mucosal lesions induced by COVID-19 are similar to those of non-COVID-19 patients, so the diagnosis should be combined with epidemiological history. Taste disorder is an inability to correctly perceive chemical stimuli such as taste and spiciness. Rusu LC, Ardelean LC, Tigmeanu CV, Matichescu A, Sauciur I, Bratu EA. J. Taste and Smell Disorders in COVID-19 Patients: Role of Interleukin-6. Many COVID-19 patients who do not have a sense of smell disorder also develop a taste disorder (Ibekwe et al., 2020). Test ) H. Voice Therapy in the Context of the five human senses the! 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